Understanding Behaviour Changes in Pain-Stricken Cats and Dogs

Our beloved pets, just like us, can experience discomfort and pain. Sometimes the signs of pain are obvious, but that is not always the case. For example, have you ever experienced back pain or something similar? If you have, you’ll know that when your back hurts, you may choose to lie down and to not move (an obvious sign) for a while. Many other times you may just choose to avoid sitting on a certain chair or maybe you are just a bit grumpy that particular day (less obvious signs).

In this article, we will explore the connection between pain and behavioural changes in pets, shedding light on the subtle signs that could indicate your pet is in pain. My mission is to empower you to be a watchful observer and a nurturing caregiver for your beloved cats and dogs.

The Link Between Behaviour Problems and Pain

Before we dive into the less-known signs of pain in our pets, let’s talk about a crucial connection: the relationship between behavioural problems and underlying pain or medical issues.

There are three crucial facts about pain:

  1.  Pain, fear and anxiety are closely linked in the brain and body, anatomically and chemically. So, it is not surprising that when an animal feels chronic pain, behavioural problems appear such as fear or anxiety. However, when we see behavioural changes, as they are non-specific to pain, it can be more difficult to know whether a behaviour problem is in fact related to some kind of pain.
  2. Pain is an individual perception. What you may consider painful may not be as bad for someone else. There are many factors that influence how we perceive pain. In people, research shows that having a mental health problem will change how you perceive pain. If you tend to be anxious, you are more attuned to dangers around you which can include pain. You may notice the same in your pet. For example, when a cat or a dog with a fear-aggression issues, tend to be more anxious, that could mean that these pets are more attuned to dangers in their surroundings, including pain.
  3. It’s important to note that the relationship between pain and behaviour is cyclical. Pain can lead to changes in behaviour, and these changes can worsen the pain or delay healing. For instance, a dog with a painful joint might limp, but that limp can cause strain on other muscles and joints, creating a cascading effect.

Here are seven behaviour clues that could be a sign of pain:

  1. Altered Grooming Habits: If you notice your cat or dog is grooming less frequently or excessively in one area, it could be a sign of discomfort. They may be trying to soothe a sore spot or avoid touching it.
  2. Withdrawal and Hiding: Pets in pain often withdraw from social interaction. Cats might hide in unusual places, while dogs might become more reclusive. This sudden change in sociability should raise a red flag.
  3. Changes in Appetite: An animal in pain may lose interest in food or become picky about what it eats. The most common reason is having an upset stomach (causing pain), but a pet’s appetite can also be affected when other parts of the body are sore.
  4. Litter Box or House Soiling: If your cat or dog starts to have accidents in the house, consider it a potential sign of pain. Pain can make it difficult for them to assume their usual posture or control their bodily functions.
  5. Aggression or Irritability: Pets in pain might become irritable, even snapping, or growling when touched. This is their way of saying, “I’m hurting. Please don’t touch me.”
  6. Restlessness: Restlessness, pacing or an inability to find a comfortable position can be a signal of pain or discomfort. Observe your pet’s sleeping patterns; changes may indicate an issue.
  7. Vocalisations: If your pet is making unusual noises, especially during activities they once enjoyed, it may be a sign of pain.

What can you do?

As a caring pet owner, you can take essential steps if you suspect your pet is in pain:

  1. Observation: Keep a keen eye on your pet’s behaviour. Note any changes, even subtle ones, in their daily routines and habits.
  2. Consult Your Veterinarian: Your veterinarian should be your first point of contact if you suspect your pet is in pain. They can perform a thorough examination and recommend X-rays or other diagnostic tests to pinpoint the source of discomfort.
  3. Diary: Keep a diary of your pet’s behaviour and activities. Keeping a record of your pet’s behaviour and activities can help you spot patterns and trends that may be linked to pain. Note instances of mobility issues, any unusual eating habits and the frequency of the observed behavioural problems.
  4. Pain questionnaire: Vets have pain questionnaires to help check if your pet is feeling well. By answering specific questions, you can give your vet valuable information about your pet’s behaviour. See our Pain Quiz for further help. 
  5. Take a video: If you think your dog may be in pain, take a video of its behaviour and the way they move. Your pet can mask a lot of the signs of pain in the clinic due to the stress of just being at the vet’s. These videos can really help your vet understand the problem and so help you and your pet in the best way possible.
  6. Change Environment: Adapt your pet’s environment to enhance its comfort. To meet your pet’s needs, you can provide softer bedding, ramps or steps or adjust the temperature in their living space.
  7. Physical Therapy: In some cases, physical therapy or rehabilitation exercises prescribed by your veterinarian can be a big help in improving your pet’s mobility and reducing pain.

Conclusion

As a veterinary behaviourist, I encourage you to be the defender of your pet’s needs. Understanding that behaviour changes can be a window into their world of pain, even if they don’t exhibit the typical signs. By observing, listening, and seeking professional guidance, you can play a key role in ensuring your beloved pet’s comfort and overall happiness and well-being.

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